The publication contents examples of realization of the projects of HIV prevention among injection drug users (IDUs) and other vulnerable groups in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation: Saint Petersburg, Krasnoyarskiy krai, Republic of Tatarstan, Orenburgskaya, Pskovskaya, Tomskaya regions, and others. The problem of HIV prevention among vulnerable groups related to injection drug using (IDUs, commercial sex workers, and others) is considered by the experts in different aspects, including legislative control, personnel trainings, expansion of the access to low threshold programs and services in public health area for vulnerable groups, enhancing of the role of non-governmental and private sectors in HIV prevention, and others. On the basis of presented practices, the experts formulated their recommendations, which can be used in realization of programs and projects of HIV prevention among vulnerable groups in other regions of the Russian Federation.